Aloha efabless staff. https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/noindex/2024/05/04/NIST%20CHIPS%20MFGUSA%20NOFO%20FINAL.pdf A digital twin is a set of virtual information constructs that mimics the structure, context, and behavior of a natural, engineered, or social system (or system-of-systems), is dynamically updated with data from its physical twin, has a predictive capability, and informs decisions that realize value. The bidirectional interaction between the virtual and the physical is central to the digital twin.4 Digital twin technologies can significantly impact both current and future semiconductor manufacturing, advanced packaging, assembly, and test processes. Leading companies have therefore developed and deployed proprietary digital twins and resources to optimize key process steps and increase throughput. However, despite substantial investments in proprietary semiconductor digital twin technologies, multiple challenges hinder the development of breakthrough innovations using digital twins, including: • Fragmentation, where companies each develop separate digital twins, limiting process optimization to a single tool or suite of tools rather than across the full manufacturing flow. • Lack of transparency and trust, where companies are unwilling to share critical assets (e.g., models, data, and best practices related to their digital twins) outside of their supply chain. • High barriers to entry, where high equipment and facilities costs, along with the difficulty of testing and validating digital twins in a full process flow, limit small business participation. Mahalo, Art Just some Truly Fully Adiabatic Age entrepreneur