The rules for well and substrate taps are in a separate section; the rule is 15um minimum spacing from tap contact center to edge of diffusion, or 6um outside of a "sparse tap density area", which is specified with a special ID layer and is supposed to be defined as anything that is less than 200um from the padframe.
The seal ring is not a guard ring. It surrounds the entire chip and marks the boundary of the chip area.
"difftap" is just a term meaning "diff or tap", which is all diffusion types. A "tap cell" is a standard cell that connects the power rails to well and substrate.